LED signals

For diagrams, visual examples and the full layout, open the handout above.

LED signals

Control timing and make a clear double flash

Use your working ESP32 and LED to make three light patterns. Test your double flash with a partner, then improve one timing value. Your task score is out of 8.

Name __________________________ Class __________ Date ______________

0–10 min Start with what works

1. Open your last working LED program. Keep the same wiring, LED pin and successful board settings.2. Upload and check that the LED responds to your program.3. Save a backup. Work in a new sketch named G10_LED_Signal_Name.

If it will not upload, ask your teacher before changing settings or wiring. Your teacher can arrange a working shared setup so you can test your own code.

10–15 min Understand the timing

Find the instructions that turn your LED on and off. Find the delay after each one. A delay pauses the program before the next instruction.

delay(1000); = 1 second delay(500); = 0.5 seconds delay(200); = 0.2 seconds

The delay after ON controls how long the light stays on. The delay after OFF controls how long it stays off. Keep the on/off commands that already work.

Predict: If I change both delays from 1000 to 500, the blink will ________________

15–25 min Make two blinks

Change only the delay numbers. Upload each version and watch it repeat. Record the result on page 2. Show your teacher or record a short video of each before moving on.

25–35 min Make a double flash

Inside loop(), use two ON → wait → OFF → wait sequences. Copy your existing sequence once, then set the four delays in this order. Keep setup() and your LED pin unchanged.

Upload. Watch at least three repetitions. You should see: flash, flash, pause — flash, flash, pause. If it differs, compare your code with the four steps above.

AI help is allowed. Give it your working code and ask it to change the timing only. You must be able to point to an on-time and an off-time and explain their effect.

35–42 min Test with a partner

Let your partner watch three repetitions without explaining the pattern first. Ask: “What pattern did you see? Could you clearly see two flashes and a pause?”

Partner name ____________________ My partner observed __________________

________________________________________________________________________

42–47 min Change one thing and retest

Use the feedback to change one delay. If the pattern was already clear, try a longer pause to make the pairs easier to separate. Upload and ask your partner to watch again.

I changed the __________________ delay from __________ ms to __________ ms

because _________________________________________________________________

After retesting, my partner observed _________________________________________

My test record

Explain one ON delay and one OFF delay in your final code. You may explain aloud to your teacher instead.

ON delay __________ means _______________________________________________

OFF delay __________ means ______________________________________________

How you earn your 8 points

Each row earns 1 point when the evidence is shown, or 0 if it is not yet shown. Your teacher adds the points for a classroom task score out of 8.

47–50 min Save and submit

□ Final sketch: G10_LED_Signal_Name, including the .ino file.□ Short video of three final repetitions, or a teacher-witnessed demonstration.□ This completed handout, plus evidence of the slow and faster blinks.

If you share a board, submit your own code and test record. Tell your teacher about equipment problems; you can demonstrate your own work on a working shared setup.